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Senate Years of Service: 1825-1827 Party: Jacksonian
RANDOLPH, John, (nephew of Theodorick Bland and Thomas Tudor Tucker, half brother of
Henry St. George Tucker),
a Representative and a Senator from Virginia; born in Cawsons,
Prince George County, Va., June 2, 1773; known as John Randolph of Roanoke to
distinguish him from kinsmen; studied under private tutors, at private schools,
the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University), and Columbia College, New
York City; studied law in Philadelphia, Pa., but never practiced; engaged in
several duels; elected to the Sixth and to the six succeeding Congresses (March
4, 1799-March 3, 1813); one of the managers appointed by the House of
Representatives in January 1804 to conduct the impeachment proceedings against
Judge John Pickering, and in December of the same year against Supreme Court
Justice Samuel Chase; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1812 to the
Thirteenth Congress; chairman, Committee on Ways and Means (Seventh through
Ninth Congresses); elected to the Fourteenth Congress (March 4, 1815-March 3,
1817); was not a candidate for reelection in 1816 to the Fifteenth Congress;
elected to the Sixteenth and to the three succeeding Congresses and served from
March 4, 1819, until his resignation, effective December 26, 1825; appointed to
the United States Senate on December 8, 1825, to fill the vacancy in the term
beginning March 4, 1821, caused by the resignation of James Barbour; served
from December 26, 1825, to March 3, 1827; unsuccessful candidate for reelection
to the Senate in 1827; elected to the Twentieth Congress (March 4, 1827-March
3, 1829); was not a candidate for reelection to the Twenty-first Congress;
chairman, Committee on Ways and Means (Twentieth Congress); member of the
Virginia constitutional convention at Richmond in 1829; appointed United States
Minister to Russia by President Andrew Jackson and served from May to
September, 1830, when he resigned; elected to the Twenty-third Congress and
served from March 4, 1833, until his death in Philadelphia, Pa., May 24, 1833;
interment at his residence, Roanoke, in Charlotte County, Va.; reinterment at
'Hollywood,' Richmond, Va.
Bibliography
American National Biography;
Dictionary of American Biography; Adams, Henry.
John Randolph. 1882. Reprint of 1898 ed. New York: Chelsea
House, 1981; Dawidoff, Robert.
The Education of John Randolph. New York: W.W. Norton &
Co., 1979.
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